Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting drug used to treat patients with narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea. Though it's classified as a controlled substance in some countries, it's easily available online as a "smart drug" or "nootropic."

Modafinil works by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in increased levels of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, motivation, and learning. Increasing dopamine levels has been shown to improve cognitive performance, including memory and reaction time.

In addition to its cognitive-enhancing effects, modafinil has also been shown to be effective in treating erectile dysfunction (ED). One study found that modafinil

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